Develop Procedures And Practice Essay Example

Develop Procedures And Practice Essay Identify the regulatory requirements, codes of practice and relevant guide once for managing concerns and complaints in own area of work The complaints procedure for my organization outlines the following aims: To ensure that its complaint procedure is properly and effectively implement d and that Irvine users feel confident that their complaints and worries are listened to a ND acted upon promptly and fairly. If a service users wishes to make a complaint or register a concern they should d find it easy to do so. It is the organization policy to welcome complaints and look upon the m as an opportunity to learn, adapt, improve and provide better service. The policy is I intended to ensure that complaints are dealt with properly and that all complaints or com meets by service users and their relatives and careers are taken seriously. The policy is not designed to apportion blame, to consider the possibility of n gelignite or to provide compensation. The Legal considerations followed are Regulation 19 0 f the Health and Social Care Act (2008) regulated activities Regulations 2009. . 2 Analyses how regulatory requirements, codes of practice and relevant GUID once for managing concerns and complaints affect service provision within own area o f work By ensuring that we have a robust and efficient complaints procedure in the o organization, we are giving the service users and their relatives the confidence that we try and do everything correct the first time and follow codes of practice. If we shou ld not achieve HTH s there are venues in which relatives or visitors to the home can raise an issue or comply main. We will write a custom essay sample on Develop Procedures And Practice specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Develop Procedures And Practice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Develop Procedures And Practice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The guidance this is in place is in line with national guidelines and the local council regarding complaints. The fact that there are regulatory requirements also means that e ACH complaint is dealt with in the same way, but is treated individually, and there are standard s for the investigators of a complaint to abide by. A complaint can feel secure in the an ledge that in line with guidance, they will not be unnecessarily discriminated against for the e fact they have complained and they have clear rights which protect them from any stigma. Having clear set guidelines also enables the investigators and those implicate d in the complaint to understand their expectations of the process and feel more com portable that things are being carried out it a procedural manner. When I myself have had to respond to a complaint, I am able to structure my work following the policy Of the organization, and work the time striations set out in the poll icy. I have organized my work and setting meetings, gathering information and data and time to writer response of the complaint. The outcome of the complaint or concern may directly benefit the organization and a lesson may be learnt from an issue or complaint, this may lead to change in the police sis and procedures and working practices, for an individual or a team of workers. It m ay also identify an additional training that is needed for team members. Be able to develop procedures to address concerns and complaints 2. 1 Explain why individuals might be reluctant to raise concerns and make co implant In a care home setting a relative may feel like they are putting their relative (t he service user) at risk of maltreatment if they complain. They might fear that they will be Eden defied as being he one whom complained and then as a result the service user could be at TA regret of rebellious staff members emotional response. A lot Of relatives and residents may see how hard the staff work and feel they dont want to complain because they sympathy hiss with the difficult job that careers do, and the tasks they have to carry out, so they may s meme and feel as if they are being ungrateful for the care the relative (the service user) may be getting. A relative may not be aware that they can complain or might not know what the expectations are for the care of the service user. They may assume that what has given them c use for concern is the norm and that in complaining they will be told that is the way I t is. A relative might not think their concern or complaint will be taken seriously or be dealt with professionally, they might not have faith in the management of the organist on or think that they will be alienated as a result of complaining. Staff who are involved in the complaints or concerns may experience anxiety or Stress. The line manager is expected to support staff through traumatic and stressful situ actions by offering immediate support following a stressful event. The line manager needs to pro did a supportive style of management and be fully aware of the action to take if on e of the team members is experiencing difficulties. They need to be confident of seeking ad vice from other managers in the organization and the proprietors and to know if they can refer r a team member to occupational health and confidential staff counseling service whew n greater levels of support are needed. . 2 Outline steps that can be taken to encourage individuals to raise concerns or complaints Providing easily accessible standards of care in the form of leaflets or within t he welcome book/ Taft handbook will help relatives, residents and others to identify the standard ads to be expected and then they can identify whether they feel that these standards AR e not being met. An open door policy should be adopted by th e management. I always ensure I am available on a drop in basis to relatives and visitors to the home, I feel they can approach chi me with one off questions, I give give the best of my ability and knowledge to answer paper proprietary. La meeting is required I arrange a more formal meeting by arranging an appoint meet. I encourage all team members to actively seek feedback in the form of checking with the service user and relatives if everything is k and do they require anything dada action, to ensure the resident is comfortable and happy. Correctly handling complaints and showing that we respond to feedback by a advertising our feedback and demonstrating the actions in the workplace, this builds confide once in other residents and relatives. 2. 3 Work with others in development Of procedures to address concerns and complaints It is easy to overlook certain areas of the organization where things may be slip ping below expected standards or team members have become too compliant to their w Ark routines. Through regular staff meetings, I can receive feedback and team members pop onions on what their observations are of the way the organization is running and any areas the at needs extra care and attention. I encourage team members to come and speak with me w tit their concerns and complaints. They may see any in the organization before I do. By going to management meetings I am able to share and discuss the types of concerns that are being raised in other homes and explore why these have come up. It may be that I can take information back from the meetings and apply them in to my working en reorient. Encourage feedback from other professionals and will seek feedback through h a telephone call or in person, if a professional has visited whilst I was absent, I may contact them to see how they found the visit and the team members on duty, were they able to AC cues information they required and is there anything they could recommend, and anything that could be put in place to improve the service. 2. Ensure information on how to raise a concern and make a complaint is VA liable in accessible formats In my organization all set-vice users, relatives and others are made aware that hey are welcome and encouraged to provide feedback whenever they think it IS necks Sara. They do not have to wait until a review is due of the residents care, until the residents key worker is on shift or I am absent. They can leave a message, write a letter or fill in a comply nits form, or speak to the se nior member of staff on duty. In the service user welcome pack there is a section on complaint and the prop sees which is followed should the need arise. Once an individual makes a complaint a Reese ones is written and send immediately, acknowledging receipt Of the complaint and a time far e for the deal of the complaint or any further information required. There is the telephone number for the manager, the regional manager and the e ICQ, so that if the complaint is about the manager or they feel the manager cannot deal wit h the complaint, they can seek support from higher management. There is a copy of the stand awards of care expectations, which this gives the resident and relatives a reference for what should be expected in the organization. In my experience, most relatives choose to speak to the senior on duty to Clara FYI and informally discuss their concerns. Also, the staff team find and are confident t deal with small problems as it occurs, meaning there is not need for it to be taken further. There has been more serious complaints, which has involved the safeguarding g team, and meetings have taken place and investigations to outcomes of it the setting WA s appropriate for the resident. In staff meetings it is encouraged that team members think of new ways of en occurring feedback and information provided from annual surveys. In team members s provisions, it is NV Develop procedures and Practice to Respond to Concerns and Complain asked if they know the expectations of them and what is expected of the organ sensation as a whole, examples are given of what they are doing that is inline with the expect tattoos in place. Staff training needs to be up to date and frequent monitoring of staff. If a co implant pertains to a certain member of staff conduct and it is found they have made a mistake o r behaved in a certain way because they have not been trained otherwise questions will be a asked about why was training up to date and ensure it is a developmental point that is mimed tell addressed. 2. 5 Review the procedures that have been developed against regulatory require rents, codes of practice and relevant guidance Below are the regulatory requirements and what has been implemented into my organizations policy in line with the requirements. If you are unhappy with the care or treatment you receive you have the right to make a complaint, have that complaint investigated and be given a full and promptly y reply. The response is, In the residents contract there is a section which explains co implants, and demonstrates that we do care about complaints and feedback that reside ants and relatives to the home have, be we are required and regulated to respond to t hem in a corre ct way. By law, all health and social care services must have a procedure for dealing efficiently with complaint. The response is, The procedure for verbal and writ ten complaints is set out in the organizations policy on complaints procedure. A c poppy of this is sent out with a complaint with a holding letter and posted to the comply anoint immediately after the complaint is received. Be able to lead the implementation of procedure and practice for addressing concerns and complaints 3. 1 Promote a person centered approach to addressing concerns and complain ants As every residents care needs are different, so should be the delivery Of the c re. One persons standards and opinions will be different from others. We cannot expo etc everyone to adjust to an institutionalized way of living. It is important that the organization n adapts and is flexible in its approaches to each service user. Whilst standards in care are set at a certain level, some residents and relatives will expect more and some will expect less. Therefore a complaint may be received for people who are used to doing things in a certain n way that we are perhaps not used to doing, this will rarely be raised in the form of a comply mint, but more as concern regarding adapting an element of care to suit that persons needs. When a complaint is received with regards to the resident care, the first area of interest will be that the resident care needs and the care plan that was established and review wed is being an accurate representation of the type Of care that the resident should be receive Eng. The complaint will than be analyses in light of the agreed expectations to see how far the complaint has merit. Information will be gathered from the relatives and the r students about how the complaint has come about and take any dates, names or details which will assist in generating a picture of how the residents needs have not been met. . 2 Ensure that others are informed about the procedure for raising concerns or making complaints Not only are residents and relatives aware of how to raise a concern or comply mint and are encouraged to complain by promoting the complaints procedure and encounter aging feedback, the staff are also made aware of how to complain themselves, either about o en another or about the organization. They have a copy of the weightlessness policy as well as general complaints procedure in the staff handbook and they are made aware of the disciplinary reoccurred that they will be subject to should a complaint be received which in evolves them and serious misconduct. There is a box for comments and feedback in the porch a rear of the home. This provides relatives and others the opportunity to provide feedback anonymously if they wish to. . 3 Use supervision to support workers to recognize and address concerns an d complaints In team members supervisions and meetings we are able to discuss and Pratt ice the ways in which we seek our feedback and what to do when the information is received. For example, I encourage team members to openly discuss comments they have received, w list on shift. They can discuss how they responded and seek opinions from other team me members. In individual supervision sessions I will ensure that the team members training g is up to date, having fully trained staff is the key to ensuring that standards are met and the staff feel confident and knowledgeable about the care they are providing to resident. Can also explore any areas that a team member might feel they need to address. 3. 4 Implement systems and procedures which address concerns and complain ants and fully inform the complainant of the outcome within agreed time frames Any concerns or complaint should be dealt with efficiently and be investigate d properly and appropriately. Verbal concerns or complaints should be responded to mimed tell if at all possible and an apology offered at the time, if appropriate. Mrs. smiths daughter came to me concerning an incident which had happen d over the weekend whilst I had not been at work. She was concerned that her mother h ad been taken to the hospital and had fractured her pelvis. Mrs. Smiths daughter was concern d that she had managed this injury and it had not been recognized by any of the team member errs.

MENDEZ Surname Meaning and Family History

MENDEZ Surname Meaning and Family History Mendez is a patronymic surname meaning son or descendant of Mendel or Mendo, both given names that derived as a reduced form of the medieval name Menendo, itself derived from the Visigothic name Hermenegildo, meaning  complete sacrifice from the Germanic elements ermen, meaning whole, entire, and gild, meaning value, sacrifice.  Mendes is the Portuguese equivalent of the Mendez surname. The beginnings of the Mendez surname have been traced back primarily to the village of Celanova, Spain, according to the Instituto Genealà ³gico e Histà ³rico Latino-Americano. Mendez is the 39th most common Hispanic surname. Surname Origin:  Spanish Alternate Surname Spellings:  MENDES, MENENDEZ, MENENDES, MÉNDEZ, MÉNDES   Famous People with the Surname MENDEZ Fernando Lugo Mà ©ndez - a former Catholic Bishop and the current President of ParaguayEva Mendes - American actress and international spokeswoman for Revlon CosmeticsTony Mendez -  CIA officer best known for efforts  during the 1979 Iran hostage Where is the MENDEZ Surname Most Commonly Found? The Mendez surname is most prevalent in Mexico, according to surname distribution data from Forebears. It is most common, however, in Guatemala, where it ranks as the 16th most common surname in the country, followed by Venezuela (28th), the Dominican Republic (32nd), and Mexico and Nicaragua (35th). Mendes is also the 50th most common last name in Spain where, according to WorldNames PublicProfiler, it is found in greatest numbers in Asturias, where the surname is believed to have originated, followed by the Canary Islands and Galicia.  The Mendes spelling, meanwhile, is found more commonly in France (especially in the area around Paris) and Switzerland (especially the Genfersee region).   Genealogy Resources for the Surname MENDEZ 50 Common Hispanic Surnames Their MeaningsGarcia, Martinez, Rodriguez, Lopez, Hernandez... Are you one of the millions of people sporting one of these top 50 common Hispanic last names? Mendez  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Mendez  family crest or coat of arms for the Mendez surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. Mendes DNA Surname ProjectMales with the Mendes, Mendez and other surname variants are invited to join this DNA project to combine Y-DNA testing and traditional genealogical research to sort out various Mendes and Mendez family lines. MENDEZ Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Mendez surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Mendez query. FamilySearch - MENDEZ  GenealogyExplore over 2  million  historical records which mention individuals with the Mendez surname, as well as online Mendez family trees on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. MENDEZ Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Mendez surname. DistantCousin.com - MENDEZ Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Mendez. GeneaNet - Mendez  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Mendez  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Mendez  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Mendez  from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to  Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Automation Tools Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Automation Tools - Math Problem Example The pane, labeled 'Classes' (encircled in blue), displays the name of all objects that are contained in the library, VBA; these objects are called classes, modules and enumerations. These objects have constants, properties and functions, which are listed in pane, labeled 'Members of XXXXX' (encircled in green), through which they define their attributes and set of actions that they can perform. For example, in above figure, it can be noted that there are only two constants, vbModal and vbModaless, are defined in enumeration, FormShowConstant. Also note that the summarized detail for the selected member, vbModaless, is also displayed in the bottom pane (encircled in pink). Executes code one statement at a time; when not in design mode, Step Into enters break mode at the current line of execution. If the statement is a call to a procedure, the next statement displayed is the first statement in the procedure. At design time, this menu item begins execution and enters break mode before the first line of code is executed. This option is similar to Step Into; the difference in use occurs when the current statement contains a call to a procedure. It executes the procedure as a unit, and then steps to the next statement in the current procedure. ... For example, in above figure, it can be noted that there are only two constants, vbModal and vbModaless, are defined in enumeration, FormShowConstant. Also note that the summarized detail for the selected member, vbModaless, is also displayed in the bottom pane (encircled in pink). Question 1(c): What debugging facilities are available within the Visual Basic Editor (VBA IDE).Describe how they might be used to debug code Answer 1(c): In Visual Basic Editor, all debugging facilities can be accessed through options that are available in 'Debug' menu; this menu contains the following menu items: 1. Step Into Executes code one statement at a time; when not in design mode, Step Into enters break mode at the current line of execution. If the statement is a call to a procedure, the next statement displayed is the first statement in the procedure. At design time, this menu item begins execution and enters break mode before the first line of code is executed. If there is no current execution point, the Step Into command may appear to do nothing until something is done that triggers code, for example clicking on a document. 2. Step Over This option is similar to Step Into; the difference in use occurs when the current statement contains a call to a procedure. It executes the procedure as a unit, and then steps to the next statement in the current procedure. Therefore, the next statement displayed is the next statement in the current procedure regardless of whether the current statement is a call to another procedure. This option is available in break mode only. 3. Step Out Executes the remaining lines of a function in which the current execution point lies. The next statement displayed is the statement following the procedure call. All of the code is executed

Experimental Study Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Experimental Study - Article Example The other exposures of interest include use of nitrous oxide, the utilization of slightly hypoxic mixtures during anesthesia, and postoperative opioid administration. The effectiveness of dexamethasone as antiemetic was compared with the two serotonin subtype 3 antagonists ondansetron and granisetron in 80 patients divided into four groups undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Group 1, consisting of control patients, received 0.9% NaCl; group 2 patients received ondansetron 4 mg i.v.; group 3 patients received granisetron 3 mg i.v.; and group 4 patients received dexamethasone 8 mg i.v., all before the induction of anesthesia. Both nausea and vomiting were assessed during the first 24 h after the procedure. Inclusion Criteria: A total of 80 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical class I–II patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included. The age range was from 21 to 75 years (mean: 51.5 years). Each patient gave his or her written consent to participate in the study. The study was approved by the Medical University ethics committee. The exclusion criteria: The patients’ exclusion criteria were as follows: American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical class III–IV; age over 75 years; body mass index above 30; pregnancy; smoking; signs of gastrointestinal, endocrine, renal, hepatic or immunological disease; use of opioids or tranquillizers less than 1 week before the operation; treatment with steroids; history of alcohol or drug abuse; history of motion sickness; preoperative diagnosis of gallbladder empyema and previous endoscopic sphincterotomy for common bile duct stones; and conversion to open cholecystectomy. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was recorded during three assessment periods, 0–6 h, 6–12 h, and 12–24 h, by nursing staff without knowledge of which antiemetic the patients had received. Both nausea and vomiting were

Analysing The Junk Food Generation English Language Essay

Analysing The Junk Food Generation English Language Essay Adults and children nowadays eat fast food without knowing its effects on the body and general health, therefore we shall realize the nutritional value of what we eat in order to understand whether we need it or not. In that paper I will talk about junk food discussing its history, reasons of rapid spread all around the world, its harmful effects, and the possible solution for that problem. Introduction: Fast food (Junk food) refers to food that is easily and quickly prepared, however, it refers mainly to the food that is prepared from precooked or preheated ingredients then packed and sold in stores or restaurants. In 1951 the word Fast food was first introduced in the Merriam-Webster dictionary. Junk or fast foods taste good and are rich in calories but they are of a very low nutritional value, Fast foods are usually rich in sugar, rich in fats or rich in salt. There are many examples of junk food such as Pizza, French Fries, Burgers, hotdogs, fried food, candy, ice cream, and soda pop. Other kinds of junk food are just like the imitation juice that you find nowadays in most of the markets, you may think it is healthy but the truth is that it has loads and loads of sugar, artificial flavors, and so little of the pure natural juice. Fast food has appeared in the world during Ancient Rome age, they sold wine and bread in the streets of the cities, also in the Far East noodles were prepared and sold while in the Middle East there were the flafel and the flatbread, Indians introduced dahi vada, vada pav, and panipuri. Although fast food is tasty and delicious, it has many disadvantages, people must nowadays be aware of those disadvantages, fast food has real damage on the human health, and the most important bad effects that the fast food may cause are obesity, high cholesterol level, cardiovascular disorders, and nutritional deficiencies. Actually fast food may not contain any nutritional benefits to the body because it usually contains harmful fats, carbohydrates, and cholesterol that dont provide the body with any useful energy. Consuming fast food is increasing in a very rapid way nowadays and that increase is cause mainly by 3 main reasons which are: Convenience: Since it is fast and we live our lives in a hurry nowadays, there is no time to prepare healthy and well prepared food. Ads: Advertisement is the Fast Food marketers weapon; they use anything possible to advertise including TV commercials, Radio stations, vending machines and internet pop-ups. Lack of discipline: and that is another important reason, and may be the most important one but I will talk about it in details later. Fast food is a real problem that has many horrible and sometimes fatal effects on people especially youth and children, in that paper I will discuss in details the effects of junk food on the individual, the society and the world. And I will also talk about the possible solutions for that problem. Body: The Junk food planet: People around the world are of different races, languages, borders, and religions; however, they may have the same problems, views, and tastes. Media devices have helped in uniting those things; it made the world as if it is just one small village. Our ancestors used to respect their planet, they took care of their health, and on the other hand we looked for Fast food. Nowadays everyone eats fast food, especially the new generation that loves and eats only the fast food. A lot of parents all around the world may give their kids sugary fast food in order to be hyperactive, and afterwards, their children complain and feel sick, therefore they take their children to doctors who will prescribe some medications that will cure the symptom not the cause, despite of not being in need to those medications if they just changed their diet. Reasons of the increased consumption of junk food: There are many reasons beyond the increased consumption of fast food around the world, the most common reasons are: Convenience: You wake up early in the morning with very little or no energy, even if you slept for the regular eight hours, you will still feel tired, you find no time to make breakfast then you say to yourself that you will just get something on your way to work, you stop by any supermarket and buy some doughnuts and a soft drink (e.g. Soda), you believe that the sugar in those products will give you power and energy, you work for about eight hours and then you find yourself hungry again, you are so tired, you dont want to bother yourself by making lunch so you order junk food again. In general, nowadays we live a very fast life; you have no time to cook healthy food so you choose the easier way which is the junk food even if it was lower in its nutritional value. Advertisements: Marketers of the junk food use every possible way to advertise, they use TV, Radio, and internet. Television is known to have a very powerful effect on people; therefore marketers use advertisements that reach the mind of a lot of consumers, because advertisements wash away our fears and suspects and give us another beautiful image and that is just what the marketers want. Most of the advertisements aim for the children, and it was reported food ads that appear during childrens T.V. programs are 25%, in India they are approximately 50% while in Pakistan they are 75%. Since 1980 there was an obvious increase in the childrens advertisements, they were used not only to affect the children then but to increase the future fast food consumption also; they targeted children because they know the influence that children may have on their parents, and to create loyal future consumers. Fast food marketers would do anything and would pay huge amounts of money in advertising especially for the children including games, contests and toys; they use cartoon and comics to advertise. For example, Burger King was the first to give the children free toys with their meals, in 1999 it was reported that Burger King featured more than 50,000,000 toys. The Sales of Burger King in the USA were doubled that year. Marketer used everything; they used movie stars, sports famous players, and pop singers. Pepsi used Pink, Britney Spears and Beyonce Knowles, while McDonalds used Justin Timberlake in their latest campaign Im lovin it they offered him $6,000,000. In conclusion, children are very important customers in the market because of the great effect they have on their parents, in the past mothers were more powerful than the market power, but those days are gone nowadays, it was reported that most of parents nowadays were influenced by their children mainly in their marketing decisions especially when it is related to food, therefore marketers need only to persuade the children, and wait for them to convince their parents. Lack of discipline: Nowadays, the new generation has a very weak personality, they didnt suffer the fears of wars, they have everything easy and available, thus they have no inner strength, they dont understand the value of life or health, they may know the consequences of eating a lot of fast food, and nevertheless they buy it because of lacking of discipline. Parents also became very weak; they try to be more friendly with their children, so they respond to every single demand, they feed them according to their desire not what is healthier for them and for their bodies. Effects of Junk food on health: Junk food has many bad effects on health, they include: Effects on blood pressure: Fast food contains high amounts of Na++ (Sodium) that lead to high blood pressure, it was stated that the adults body require only 1200-1500 milligram of sodium every day, so when you realize that the normal table salt contains about forty per cent sodium and that a teaspoon of salt may contain about 2400 milligram of sodium, and that high amounts of sodium leads certainly to high blood pressure, you will realize what risks fast food may lead to. Cholesterol: Junk food that contains meat contains bad cholesterol that has dangerous effects on the human body and general health, the accumulation of cholesterol molecules in arteries will result in their thickening and clogging that will in return result in congestion of blood vessels and will obstruct the normal blood flow which will lead to disorders in the blood pressure, and if the artery affected was one of those that carry blood to the heart, it will may lead to a heart attack, and in complicated cases it may cause heart failure. Trans Fats: Trans fats are considered to be the worst type of fats, and it is present in Junk food with high amounts, trans fat is very harmful because it reduces the levels of good cholesterol in addition to increasing the levels of bad cholesterol. It was reported that fast food contains 45 per cent of trans fats more than normal and well prepared food. Effects on the cardiovascular system and vascular function: About 40 per cent of children and 37 per cent of adults depend mainly on junk food in their lives, they have higher levels of fats, saturated fats, energy, soda drinks, and sodium, and on the other hand lower intake of milk, vegetables, fruit and essential vitamins such as C and A. Fast food consumption was proved to have bad effects on the CVS (Cardio Vascular System) in general because fast food lead to gaining weight and insulin resistance, and on the long term fast food causes disorders in the endothelial functions and marked increase in the oxidative stress, and as a further complication, both oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction develop atherosclerosis, and this may end in cardiovascular failure and death. On the other hand well prepared meals such as the Mediterranean or the vegetarian food contain low unsaturated fats and higher content of vitamins therefore it may be considered a protective diet, for example when you take high doses of antioxidant vitamins (CE) they will prevent endothelial dysfunction. Obesity: It was stated by the Worldwatch Institute that the number of adults that have obesity nowadays are the same number of those who suffer from underweight. Children obesity has become epidemic in many countries, there are more than 17,000,000 children that are 5 years old suffer from obesity all around the world. Obesity causes many health complications, it causes both psychological and physical disorders, the prognosis is very poor with possible subsequent cardiovascular diseases, some kinds of cancer, and premature death. Other complications: Effects on energy: Fast food doesnt contain any or very low nutritional components, on the contrary, it is composed of harmful fats, cholesterol, and carbohydrates, therefore it doesnt provide your body with any energy, and body weakness. Low concentration: Fast food contains high levels of fat and oil that are difficult to be digested, so the body spends more amounts of enzymes and blood. That means that when you eat a lot of junk food, blood goes mainly you the intestine, therefore you may feel drowsy and lose concentration. Liver failure: Liver may get damaged due to the high amounts of salt, cholesterol, and fat that are present in most of the junk food. Diabetes Mellitus: Fast food may cause damage to pancreas and that may lead to insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Junk food and the children of Egypt: In Egypt mothers chose the easiest way to feed their children nowadays, they feed their own kids pizza and soda without knowing that this junk food is very harmful for them, it was reported by a physician at el Qasr Al-Aini hospital that about 7 kids were being treated from apnea in just 3 months, Apnea is a sleeping disorder that happens when fats block the pulmonary air paths, that means that those kids were choking by their own fat. Children of Egypt today drink soda more than milk, and it was reported that 10% of male teenagers from thirteen to eighteen years old drink about 7 cans of soda daily, while 10% of the females may drink about 5 daily, however, soda has horrible effects on the body where it causes bone weakness and osteoporosis. Recommendations: Ban junk food advertising for kids under twelve years old. (Sweden has done this already, so it is possible) Decrease the number of the fast food advertisements during the kids shows and programmes.(South Korea limited the Ads number to 10%) Health messages in kids shows and Ads Eat well prepared home-made food. Avoid junk food specially French fries Soda drinks Breakfast cereals Pizza White bread Donuts Chocolates and candies Decaffeinated coffee Ice cream Conclusion Junk food consumption has increased nowadays; both developing and developed countries suffer from this problem. The main reason for the increased consumption of fast food especially among our kids is the advertisements; however, we bear high responsibility also, because we let them eat what they want to eat with no restrictions even if it was harmful for their health and bodies. Fast food has many horrible effects on the human body such as weakness, loss of energy, loss of concentration, obesity, cardiovascular disorders, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, apnea, liver diseases, and high blood pressure Children in Egypt today depend on junk food as their main source of nutrition, and that must be prevented by the parents and shown in the children programmes if we want to get a healthy and a strong new generation.

The Quarrel About Historical Explanation :: essays research papers

The Quarrel About Historical Explanation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The discussion of the philosophical question of historical explanation is in reality a disagreement concerning the nature of the philosophic method.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are primarily two sides taken in this argument, those who agree with Carl Hempel and those that do not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Hempel a historical event is only sufficiently explained when it logically fits a set of confirmed pre-existing conditions along with some universal laws.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Certainly all things cannot easily be assigned to rules and laws. Political coups, assassinations and revolutions are too complex for such a rigid explanation. And who is to say what perquisites there are for situations. Certainly there is no one who can predict every instance of a given event, there are just too many variables.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hempel then notes that Historians are seldom able to stick to his procedure and at best can only make an explanation sketch. Hempel seems to be saying then, that the majority of explanations surrounding historical events are inadequate and incomplete.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are three main divisions of anti-Hempelians. There are those that agree with Hempel to the point that there are rules and general laws that can be followed, but a historian's explanation is adequate if all he can provide is a sketch. The second group states that the general laws are not necessary and as long as the explanation provides an understandable narrative, it is complete. The final group believes that only one condition is necessary, and if more information is needed, one only needs to elaborate on that one condition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Hempelians and the anti-Hempelians both have common ground. They are both engaged in the philosophy of history, but this is where the agreement stops for even the groups starting points are different.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hempelians give their explanations to answer the question of why something happened. Their objective is to replace curiosity with understanding. For this to happen both the laws and general rules given must logically agree. In other words you must be able to deduce the answer after given the laws and rules.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It would not be enough for a Hempelian to hear that conditions led up to an event. He must know himself that these conditions are causes, and he'll know this only if the conditions are widely known or confirmed causes of said event. These conditions must not only be confirmed but true or the explanation would merely be an exercise in futility.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An anti-Hempelian's problem with all of this is summarized in that historians do not use such methods to do their explaining, even if they did an explanation may not result, and finally historians are doing a very fine job

Macroeconomic Cash Reserve Ratio

mrunal. org http://mrunal. org/2012/08/econ-crr. html [Economy] Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) Controversy between SBI & RBI: meaning, implication on Economy Explained 1. What is CRR? 2. What is Scheduled Commercial Bank? 3. Examples of Scheduled Commercial Banks 1. Case # 1: High CRR and SLR 2. Case # 2: Low CRR and SLR 4. Repo Rate 5. Reverse Repo Rate 6. Bank Rate 7. What is the need of all these CRR,SLR,Repo rates? 8. What is the problem with CRR? 9. How much CRR deposit does RBI have? 10. What does SBI want? 11. Deputy Governor of RBI 12. Timeline of Events 13.Mock Questions Before proceeding further, do read the earlier articles on 1. Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) 2. Cost Push Inflation 3. Demand Pull Inflation What is CRR? CRR means Cash Reserve Ratio. Banks in India are required to hold a certain proportion of their total deposits with RBI in cash form. Right now, CRR is about 4. 75% that means if people deposit total Rs. 100 in SBI, then SBI would have to deposit Rs. 4. 75 in RB I. This is CRR or Cash Reserve Ratio. CRR rule doesnot apply to Regional Rural Banks, Non Banking Financial Companies (NBFC), Mutual funds or insurance companies.What is Scheduled Commercial Bank? Scheduled banks are those banks which have been included in the second schedule of the Reserve bank of India act of 1934. The banks included in this schedule list should fulfill two conditions. 1. The paid capital and collected funds of bank should not be less t han Rs. 5 lakhs. 2. Any activity of the bank will not adversely affect the interests of depositors [hahaha, does it mean Non-scheduled banks are allowed to adversely affect the interests of depositors !? ] Examples of Scheduled Commercial BanksPublic Sector Majority of stake is held by the government. 1. State Bank of India (SBI) 2. Punjab National bank (PNB) Private Sector Majority stakes are held by private players. 1. ICICI, 2. HDFC, 3. AXIS Bank Case #1: High CRR and SLR Suppose total deposit deposited in (by you and me) State Bank of India =Rs. 100 Total Deposit CRR: 15%SBI has to park this much amount of total deposit in RBI, without getting any interest. SLR: 38%SBI has to park this much amount of total deposit, in Government securities / treasury bonds. SBI earns around 7. % interest rate on this investment. click me for more on SLR Money left with SBI Rs. 100 -15 -38 100-1538=Rs. 47 Case #2: Low CRR and SLR Total Deposit CRR: 4. 75%SBI has to park this much amount of total deposit in RBI, without getting any interest. Rs. 100 -4. 75 SLR: 23%SBI has to park this much amount of total deposit, in Government securities / treasury bonds. SBI earns around 7. 5% interest rate on this investment. Money left with SBI -23 100-4. 7523=Rs. 72. 25 In either case, as long as you’re running a bank, you’ll have some input costs such as 1.Salary to Bank PO , Clerks, peons and security guards (With rusted guns) 2. Office rent 3. ATM machine’s electricity and maintenance. 4. Newspaper advertizement s. To pay above salary and bills, SBI would need to maintain certain amount of profit margin, no matter what RBI does with CRR,SLR or Repo Rate. In Case# 1, when SBI has only Rs. 47 in the hands, what can it do to keep the profit margin same? Obviously SBI will have to increase the interest rates on car,home,bike,business loans given to customers.In case# 2, when SBI has Rs. 72, what can it do? Here the situation is not that bad. So, SBI chief would decrease the interest rates on car,home,bike,business loans to seduce more customers. We already discussed this- SBI has more money so it can cut down interest rates and suffer temporary reduction in profit, in order to seduce more customers (compared to ICICI) So once SBI has reduced the interest rates, other banks will need to reduce their interest rates, to stay in the competition. Repo RateLet’s continue assuming the Case# 2, that SBI has only Rs. 72. 25 left in its locker. SBI chief comes to know that recently Samsung Company has launched Galaxy S3 mobile so plenty of youngsters may want to buy it because of the advertisements that appear on TV channels 24/7 Thus there will be demand for more personal loans (EMI) or credit card based shopping. But SBI got only Rs. 72. 25. So SBI chief would borrow some more money from RBI @8% interest rate and then re-lend this money to customers as personal loan @16% (and thus aking a killing profit of 16-8=8%) or he can supply money to customers for Credit Card shopping, and in that case he can earn interest rate anything between 16-37% or even more (depending on hidden terms and conditions of credit card. ) This 8% : the rat e @which RBI lends short t erm loans t o client s, is called Repo Rat e. Reverse Repo Rate As the name suggests, Reverse repo rate is â€Å"reverse† of Repo rate. So, if SBI chief feels there is not enough demand for loans and most of those 72. 25 Rupees are sitting idle, he’ll deposit some of that cash, in RBI.RBI will pay SBI chie f 7% interest rate on such deposit. Thus, Reverse repo rate is the interest rate which RBI pays its client s* for their shortterm deposits. Note: Reverse Repo Rate is automatically kept 1% less than Repo rate according to new RBI rules. [Since Nov. 2010, Reverse Repo rate is constantly 1% less than Repo]. Side Question Why would SBI chief put his money in RBI? Because on your normal savings account in SBI, the chief pays you around 4% interest rate, while RBI is giving him 7% Reverse repo rate, so he’s making a profit of 3%. Bank RateBank rate is the interest rate which RBI charges from its clients* for their LONG-t erm loans. Recall that Repo Rate = RBI charge that much interest from its clients on SHORT t erm loans. *Who’re the clients of RBI? 1. Union Government 2. State Government 3. NABARD (through that money goes to Microfinance companies and Regional Rural Banks) 4. Commercial Banks (SBI, ICICI etc) 5. Non Banking Financial Companies (NBFC) like Muthoot Finance and Mannapuram Gold Loans. (^list is not exhaustive. ) please not e: 1. Bank Rate, Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate applies to all Clients of RBI. . The CRR,SLR applies to Commercial Banks. (including Urban Cooperative banks but excluding Regional Rural Banks) What is the need of all these CRR,SLR,Repo rates? RBI’s main job = control inflation by controlling money supply in the market. Too much money in the market =easy to get loans= not good. Because It’ll create inflation. [Demand Pull] Too less money in the market= again not good, because businessmen find it hard to get loans, thus input cost of production increases= not good for economy either and it’ll create inflation. Cost push] Therefore, RBI will increase/decrease these CRR, SLR and Repo Rates according to the situation in order to adjust the money supply in market and thus control inflation. [Monetary policy] Nowadays RBI doesn’t touch Bank rate much and mostly relies on Repo rate to control the money supply. CRR and SLR are also not changed as frequently as Repo rate. And Reverse repo rate is automatically kept 1% less than Repo rate, so that makes Repo rate the â€Å"most f requent ly used t ool† in RBI’s monetary policy, in last two years.Apart from that, CRR,SLR and Repo Rate also help those competitive magazine wallas to fill up pages with ridiculously unimportant data tables to make your life more miserable. What is the problem with CRR? How much CRR deposit does RBI have? In July 2012 [all approximate numbers] Total Deposits in all Scheduled Commerical banks (SBI,ICICI etc) CRR: 4. 75%Banks have to keep this much amount of total deposits in RBI. Interest earned by SBI/ICICI etc on CRR deposits made in RBI 65 lakh crores 65 lakh crores x 4. 75%=around 3 Lakh crores sitting idle in RBI lockers. lakh crores x 0% = Rs. 0 If SBI/ICICI etc. could lend these 3 lakh crores (CRR deposits) to customers @10%, they could easily earn Rs. 30,000 crores in interest pa yment. Thus, CRR makes a huge difference in the profit of banks. UK, Canada, Sweden, Australia and New Zealand donot have CRR system in any form. In USA, there is graded system i. e. small banks don’t need to maintain any CRR with their central bank. While â€Å"big† banks would need to maintain CRR Deposit according to their size. Side Question: How â€Å"bigâ€Å"? Answer: no need to do Ph. D on that question trail.By the way, USA’s RBI (Central Bank) is known as Federal Reserve syst em and commonly known as â€Å"Feds†. So sometimes while randomly surfing through BBC/CNN you might come across lines like â€Å"Market boomed /crashed after Feds cut down the rates† they’re talking about USA’s RBI changing their repo, SLR etc. rates Interestingly, USA’s RBI (Feds) pays interest on the CRR deposits, while India’s RBI doesn’t pay any interest on CRR deposits. What does SBI want? Recently SBI Chairman Pratip Chaudha ri said that CRR does not help anyone and it is unfair to apply it only on banks.Even if CRR is required why should it be on banks alone? There are a number of institutions that raise funds from the public – insurance companies, mutual funds and NBFCs so CRR should be applicable to all. Because of CRR, every year we lose Rs. 3,500 crore. Pratip Chaudhari = Chairman of SBI In India, Businessmen get loan @11 per cent while that for a Chinese equipment manufacturer gets loan in his country for only 4 per cent. So CRR= less money in market= higher interest rate= increases the input cost of Indian products. Deputy Governor of RBIOn SBI chief Pratip Chaudhari’s demand for removal of CRR, the Deput y Governor of RBI K C Chakrabart y, replied that if the SBI Chairman is not able to do business as per our regulatory environment, he has to find some other place. On this [rude] comment of Chakrabarthy, SBI chief Pratip Chaudhari replied, (doesn’t matter what anyone says) I wanted to start a debate on CRR in the public domain, so let that debate happen. Timeline of Events Early 90s 1992 1996 1999 2007 CRR used to be as high as 15% and SLR used to be as high as 38. %, thus making life of businessmen and aam juntaa difficult. RBI introduces system of Repo rate. RBI introduces the system of Reverse Repo Rate RBI st art s paying interest rates to banks, on CRR deposits. Sub Prime Crisis in USA RBI st ops paying interest rates to banks on CRR deposits. 2010 Eurozone Crisis. For more on that topic, Click ME High inflation, RBI starts increasing Repo rate to fix it. 2011 Throughout the year, RBI keeps increasing Repo Rate to combat inflation. Repo rates gets as high as 8. 50%. August 2012 SBI chief Pratip Chaudhari demands removal of CRR. He has been doing it since a long time, even in 2011 seminars] So, This CRR removal news topic would have faded away just like it did in 2011, had the RBI deputy governor not replied on SBI chief’s statement. But RBI Deputy governor did, so the media blows the news out of proportion that â€Å"RBI snubs SBI chairman. † And thus the Innocent aspirants of UPSC, bank and MBA exams, are forced to learn one more topic i. e. CRR controversy. By the way, during this time, 1. 2. 3. 4. Bank Rate=9% Repo =8% (reverse repo would be obviously 8-1=7%) CRR=4. 75% SLR=23% Mock Questions Q1.Which of t he f ollowing st at ement s are incorrect ? 1. The NBFCs are required to maintain CRR deposits with RBI. 2. RBI pays interest rates on CRR deposits. 3. An Increase in CRR would decrease the liquidity from the market. 4. At present, Bank Rate > Repo Rate > Reverse Repo Rate. Q2. Which of t he f ollowing st at ement s are correct ? 1. Repo rate is the interest rate paid by RBI to banks on short term deposits. 2. A decrease in repo rate will increase the home loan interest rates. 3. HDFC is a Non-scheduled Commercial bank. 4. SLR is always 20% higher than CRR. Q3.What were the steps taken by RBI in its moneta ry policy during 2011 to control inflation in India. Do you think RBI achieved its objective? Give reasons to justify your stand. (Mains) Q4. If you were the RBI Governor, what steps would to take regarding the CRR issue? (interview) Ref: 1. Indian Economy by Ramesh Singh (Tata McGraw hill Publication) 2. http://moneylife. in/article/cash-reserve-ratio-a-non-performing-asset-forbanks/28066. html 3. http://www. indianexpress. com/news/cut-crr-to-fuel-positive-sentimentchaudhuri/980459/0 4. http://www. allbankingsolutions. com/DATA. htm August 30th, 2012 | Category: Economy